Please note
It is very important that you check your department or school's assignment guide as some details, eg. punctuation, may vary from the guidelines we provide. All referencing queries should be addressed to the appropriate lecturer or supervisor. You may be penalised for not conforming to your school's requirements.
Referencing software
If you are writing a long paper or starting a major piece of research, you may want to use software that will let you create a database of your references and will automatically create bibliographies at the end of your document.
EndNote is an example of this type of software.
To find out more about EndNote and to download the software, see our Endnote LibGuide.

What is referencing?

Yellow pages by NJ (Nishanth Jois)
When you write an assignment, it is very important to acknowledge the source of anyone else's ideas that you have used or mentioned in your work.
You need to reference the direct quotations, facts and figures, as well as the ideas and theories that you use.
The reader is then able to find the original source of the information to check it or follow up a point.
Referencing styles
There are many acceptable styles of referencing, so it's important that you check with your tutor that you're using the correct style for your unit or school.
Some commonly used styles are the APA (American Psychological Association), Chicago Author-Date and Vancouver referencing styles, but there are many others. In the APA and Chicago styles you acknowledge an idea by placing the author's name and the year of publication at the point in your essay where you refer to it. This is called the in-text citation.
Here's an example of an in-text citation:
In 2005, the Arctic ice cap was at its smallest in 100 years (Lippsett, 2005).
The reference list at the end of your assignment then gives the full details of all the in-text citations. This example is in the APA style:
Lippsett, L. (2005). Is global warming changing the Arctic? Oceanus, 44(3), 24-25.
Referencing styles follow strict rules of punctuation and indentation and you will need to refer to a style sheet to ensure your referencing is correct.
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Curtin referencing guides
We have created guides for referencing styles commonly used at Curtin.
They provide many examples of how to reference books, articles, internet sources, government publications and more.
The referencing guides are in PDF format and require Adobe Reader.
Download Adobe Reader for free
- AGLCUpdated Feb 2013
- APA 6th edUpdated May 2013 [pdf-612kb]
- Chicago Author-Date 16th ed.Updated Jan 2013 [pdf-714kB]
- VancouverUpdated Mar 2013 [pdf-677kB]
Other styles
- Chicago Author-Date 15th edFrom Curtin University
- Footnotes (Chicago/Turabian style)From University of Wisconsin-Madison
- HarvardFrom Monash University
- IEEEFrom the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
- Journal of PhysiotherapyFrom Curtin University School of Public Health.
- MLAFrom Purdue University, USA
- SEGFrom the Society of Exploration Geophysics.

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